Bioprospection and molecular phylogeny of culturable endophytic fungi associated with yellow passion fruit

Endophytic microorganisms live inside the plants without causing any damage to their hosts. In the agricultural field, these endophytes might be a strategy of biological control for phytopathogens. We aimed to isolate endophytic fungifrom yellowpassion fruit (Passiflora edulis) leaves, evaluating its biocontrol capacity by in vitroantagonism against phytopathogen Colletotrichum sp. CNPU378. We also carried out greenhouse experiments in bean seedlings. A high colonization frequency was obtained (89%), and the molecular identification based on DNA sequencing attested Colletotrichumas the most frequent genus and minor occurrence of Curvulariaendophytes. The endophytes tested showed different types of competitive interactions in in vitro antagonism inhibition rate ranging from 28.8 to 48.8%. There were 10 promising antagonists tested for their antagonist activity of crude extracts of secondary metabolites, in which strain PE-36 (20.8%) stood out among the other strains evaluated. In the greenhouse assay, plants inoculated only with endophyte Colletotrichumsp. PE-36 was symptomless and suggest that the endophyte strengthened the growth promotion in common bean plants, especially in the root length and number of leaves when compared to control plantsand other treatments. Despite many fungiof Colletotrichumgenus being described as causative agents of anthracnose, in this study, the plant sampled was colonized predominantly by Colletotrichumendophytes living in asymptomatic relationship. By the way,we come across a Colletotrichumsp. endophyte able to antagonize a Colletotrichumsp. pathogen

Avaliação da Atividade Antibacteriana do Gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) e do Maracujá Amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims) / Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Yellow Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

Nas últimas décadas, inúmeros estudos têm sido realizados para conferir às plantas seu real valor na terapia. São muitos os fatores que vem colaborando com o desenvolvimento desta prática de saúde, principalmente econômicos e sociais. A aplicação do conhecimento tradicional, ou popular, acerca do uso curativo de vegetais no desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos mostra-se como uma estratégia bastante consequente e consistente. Neste contexto, torna-se imprescindível a avaliação das atividades biológicas destas plantas, com destaque para àquelas amplamente utilizadas pela população. Assim, o presente estudo avaliou a atividade antibacteriana de tinturas e pós de folhas de Passiflora edulis Sims (maracujá amarelo) e raízes de Zingiber officinale Roscoe (gengibre), além de infusos e decoctos, respectivamente, obtidos comercialmente, a fim de se avaliar o que é normalmente consumido pela população. Para tanto, as metodologias utilizadas foram as técnicas de difusão em ágar e microdiluição frente aos micro-organismos Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 19659), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella sp (ATCC 19196) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Os resultados demonstraram que o gengibre possui efeito antibacteriano principalmente sob as bactérias Gram- positivas, enquanto o maracujá amarelo não demonstrou atividade em nenhum dos testes e concentrações testadas. Deste modo, os resultados obtidos no presente estudo contribuem para o screening da atividade antibacteriana, na busca por novos medicamentos.(AU)

In recent decades, numerous studies have been directed to give the plant its real value in therapy. There are many factors that have been collaborating with the development of this health practice, particularly economic and social rights. The application of traditional knowledge, or popular, about the curative use of plants in the development of herbal medicine shows up as a very consequent and consistent strategy. In this context, it is essential to the evaluation of the biological activities of these plants, especially those widely used by the population. So, the present study evaluated the antibacterial activity of tinctures and powders of leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims (yellow passion fruit) and roots of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger), as well as infusions and decoctions, respectively, obtained commercially, in order to evaluate which is normally consumed by the population. Therefore, the methodologies used were the agar diffusion and microdilution techniques against the micro-organisms Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 19659), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella sp (ATCC 19196) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The results showed that ginger has antibacterial effect, mainly on Gram-positive bacteria, while the passion fruit did not show activity in any tests and concentrations. Thereby, the results obtained in this study contribute to the screening of antibacterial activity in the search for new antimicrobial agents.(AU)

Comportamento do maracujazeiro amarelo, variedade Afruvec, ante uma população de Fusarium solani, agente causal da podridão do colo / Behaviour of yellow passion fruit, Afruvec variety, in relation to a population of Fusarium solani, causal agent of collar rot

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o comportamento do maracujazeiro amarelo, variedade Afruvec, ante uma população de Fusarium solani, obtida desse mesmo hospedeiro. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, contendo dez tratamentos (nove isolados e tratamento testemunha), com quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela representada por um vaso contendo uma planta. Um disco do meio de cultura, colonizado com cada isolado do fungo, foi inoculado no colo ferido das plantas da variedade Afruvec, dois meses após a semeadura. Avaliou-se a patogenicidade, a incidência (número de plantas mortas) e a severidade da doença (comprimento da lesão no colo), até os sessenta dias após a inoculação. A variedade Afruvec foi suscetível ao fungo e apresentou variabilidade quanto à incidência e severidade da doença diante dos diferentes isolados. A população do fungo apresentou variabilidade em relação à agressividade. Com a evidência de diversidade genética na população do fungo, recomenda-se, também, nos testes de seleção de materiais ao patógeno, a avaliação desses materiais em diferentes localidades com histórico da doença ou inoculação com uma mistura de isolados do fungo, a fim de se conhecer a resistência ampla do genótipo ao patógeno.

The objective of the present work was to verify the behavior of yellow passion fruit, Afruvec variety, in relation to a population of Fusarium solani, obtained from this crop. The experimental delineation was random blocks, containing 10 treatments [9 isolates and 1 control treatment], with 4 repetitions, each plot being represented by a vase containing a plant. A disk of culture medium colonized by each isolate of the fungus was inoculated in the wounded collar region of the plants of the Afruvec variety two months after sowing. The appraised parameters were: the pathogenicity, the incidence (number of dead plants) and the severity of the disease (length of the lesion in the collar region), until 60 days after inoculation. The Afruvec variety was susceptible to the fungus and also presented variability as to the severity of the disease and incidence in relation to the different isolates. The population of the fungus showed variability in regard to aggressiveness. In light of the evidence of genetic diversity in the F. solani population, it is also suggested, in the tests of selection of materials to the pathogen, that these materials should be evaluated in different places with a history of the disease or inoculation with a pool of isolates of the fungus, in order to know the wide resistance of the genotype to the pathogen.